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Razia refused to be addressed as Sultana because it meant "wife or consort of a Sultan". Razia Sultan was the only woman ruler of both the Sultanate and the Mughal period, although other women ruled from behind the scenes. Like some other Muslim princesses of the time, she was trained to lead armies and administer kingdoms if necessary. Raziya al-Din (1205 in Budaun – 13 October 1240), throne name Jalâlat ud-Dîn Raziyâ, usually referred to in history as Razia Sultana, was the Sultan of Delhi in India from 1236 to May 1240. It is speculated that she might have been disinterred from Kaithal and then reburied at her tomb in Delhi. She and her husband Malik Altunia, who was the governor of Bhatinda ( Punjab), were decapitated by the local Jat people of the area. It is close to the jail constructed nearby by the present administration. The tomb of Razia Sultana, who gained the throne of Delhi Sultanate under the Mamluk Sultanate, is situated 10 km north-west of the Kaithal city in Siwan on the Kaithal-Cheeka- Patiala road. It has an average elevation of 220 metres (721 feet).
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Peoples of Kaithal took active part in the freedom struggle in 1857. The fort of the Bhais is still extant, and their title Bhai became common with the primary Jat Sikh rulers. In 1901, the town had a population of 14,408 and was the tehsil in the district of Karnal. Bhai Udey Singh ruled over Kaithal and proved to be the last King. The state was ruled by the Scindhia dynasty of the Maratha Empire and paid tributes to the Marathas, until the Second Anglo-Maratha War of 1803–1805, after which the Marathas lost this territory to the British. By 1808, it came under British influence. The Sikh Chieftains of Kaithal, ruled from 1767 until its fall in 1843. In the Punjab whose descendants, the bhais of Kaithal, ranked among the most powerful Cis-Sutlej states. 1781), who led a large Sikh force from his native village of Bhucho. In 1767, the city fell into the hands of the Singh Krora Misl chieftain, Bhai Desu Singh (d. Many of the residents of Kaithal and the other cities had fled to Delhi in fear. Timur took the town in 1398, with his army massacring or plundering the inhabitants and destroying all villages along the way to Assandh. This aspect is still not well known outside Kaithal, but residents know about the Mazaar of Razia Begum even generations later. The tomb of Rajia Begam is still found here. 1240), and reached Kaithal the next day, where their remaining forces abandoned them, and were killed on 13 November 1240. She fled Delhi with Malik Altúniya after they were defeated on the 24th of Rabí'u-l awwal A.H. Razia Sultana, the first woman ruler of India, reigned as the Sultana of Delhi Sultanate from 1236 to 1240. The town was renovated and a fort was built during the rule of the Mughal Emperor, Akbar, and as per Ain-i-Akbari, it was a pargana, under the sarkar of Sirhind, and had developed into an agricultural centre. Tombs of several Sufi saints dating from the 13th century can be found in the city today most important among them is that of Sheikh Salah-ud-din of Bhalkh (1246 CE). Later, the city became a Muslim cultural centre, under the rule of Delhi Sultanate. Timur stopped here in 1398, before attacking Delhi. Kaithal, with many of its temples, is also an important milestone in the 48 Kos Parikrama pilgrimage. The Vridhakedara (Vidkyar) sanctum of Kaithal finds a mention in the Vedic texts of Vaman Puran. It is also said that it is the birthplace of Lord Hanuman and there is a temple constructed at that place known as "Anjani Tila" among the residents of Kaithal. It is traditionally connected with Hanuman and has a temple dedicated to Anjani, the mother of Hanuman.
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The later word Kaithal is said to be derived from Kapisthala. Historically the city was known as Kapisthal, meaning "Abode of Kapi", another name of Lord Hanuman, and it is said to have been founded by the Pandava Emperor, Yudhishthira of Mahabharata. Kaithal was known as Kapisthala during the Vedic period as seen in the map of the Indian subcontinent.